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Weight of the thyroid, adrenal glands, and the liver of white rats in the conditions of hyperthyroidism: the possibility of applying indices changes as screening-markers for determining body status effected by organic and inorganic iodine. Ryabukha O.I. Despite the available information on the interaction between the thyroid gland activity and that of the adrenal glands, and the liver involvement in their hormones metabolism, the study of the connection existing between these organs in hyperthyroidism is still incomplete. Changes in the weight indices values of the thyroid and adrenal glands and the liver of 90 non-linear white male rats were studied. Animals received histologically verified minimally active (21 μg iodine per kg body weight), moderate (50 μg iodine per kg body weight), and significant (100 μg iodine per kg body weight) doses of organic and inorganic iodine during 30 days under the model hyperthyroidism conditions. It was found that consumption of organic and inorganic iodine at a minimal dose approximates the digital values of adrenal gland and those of the liver of the intact animals. Consumption of a moderate organic iodine dose is accompanied by a decrease in the previously achieved values of the thyroid weight index by 17.28%, and the increase in the liver weight index by 19.66%. When consuming a moderate amount of inorganic iodine, the largest change in the values achieved was the liver weight index which increased by 13.76%. Consumption of organic and inorganic iodine compounds in a significant dose is accompanied by further changing in the studied parameters. When consuming organic iodine the thyroid weight index grows by 10.44%, that of the adrenal glands – by 13.33%, the liver – by 34.52%. Сonsuming of inorganic iodine is accompanied by a rapid increase in the thyroid glands weight index by 21.25%, that of the liver – by 34.31%. The established indicates the existence of functional communication between the studied organs; the effect depends on the chemical nature and dose of iodine consumed. The existing functional dependence gives grounds to apply changes in the weight index of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and the liver as screening-markers to determine the body’s condition in hyperthyroidism. Реферат. Маса щитоподібних, надниркових залоз та печінки білих щурів в умовах гіпертиреозу: можливість застосування змін показників у якості скринінг-маркерів визначення стану організму при впливі органічного і неорганічного йоду. Рябуха О.І. Попри наявні відомості про взаємну залежність діяльності щитоподібної залози і надниркових залоз та участь печінки в метаболізмі їхніх гормонів, дослідження зв’язку, який існує між цими органами при гіпертиреозі, проведене ще в недостатньому обсязі. Вивчалися зміни показників коефіцієнтів маси щитоподібних і надниркових залоз та печінки 90 білих нелінійних щурів-самців. Впродовж 30 днів перебування в змодельованих умовах гіпертиреозу тварини отримували гістологічно визначені мінімально діючу (21 мкг/кг маси тіла), помірну (50 мкг/кг маси тіла) і значну (100 мкг/кг маси тіла) дози органічного і неорганічного йоду. Установлено, що приймання органічного і неорганічного йоду в незначній дозі наближає цифрові значення коефіцієнтів мас надниркових залоз і печінки до показників інтактних тварин. Приймання помірної дози органічного йоду супроводжується зменшенням, ПРОФІЛАКТИЧНА МЕДИЦИНА 150 На умовах ліцензії CC BY 4.0 щодо попередньо досягнутих значень, коефіцієнта маси щитоподібних залоз на 17,28% та збільшенням коефіцієнта маси печінки на 19,66%. При споживанні помірної кількості неорганічного йоду найбільших змін щодо досягнутих величин зазнає коефіцієнт маси печінки, який зростає на 13,76%. Споживання сполук органічного і неорганічного йоду в значній дозі супроводжується подальшими змінами досліджуваних показників. При прийманні органічного йоду коефіцієнт маси щитоподібних залоз зростає на 10,44%, надниркових залоз – на 13,33%, печінки – на 34,52%. Приймання неорганічного йоду супроводжується стрімким зростанням коефіцієнта маси щитоподібних залоз на 21,25%, печінки – на 34,31%. Установлене вказує на наявність функціонального зв’язку між досліджуваними органами; при цьому результат впливу залежить від хімічної природи і дози спожитого йоду. Наявна функціональна залежність дає підстави застосовувати зміни показників маси щитоподібної залози, надниркових залоз та печінки в якості скринінг-маркерів визначення стану організму при гіпертиреозі. In recent years, the state of the body is ever more frequently determined by analyzing the data obtained by weighing or measuring of various morphometric parameters. Thus, the study of the correlation between the body weight and the internal organs’ weight and volume is rather perspective [2, 13, 14,]. Applying screening studies aimed at determining changes in the status of the organs, which, being significant for the body, do not belong to the same physiological system, but have functional links with each other is expedient [10, 11]. In this aspect, the thyroid gland is of considerable interest, being directly or indirectly connected with the course of many processes [8]. Since the thyroid gland is actively involved in the activity of the “hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid” axis, by means of which the thyroid gland is linked with the adrenal glands, the state of the thyroid gland matters in responses to stress [4, 9]. In particular, the dependence of biochemical parameters of the liver condition and its morphofunctional characteristics on the changes in the thyroid gland functional activity has been traced [5]. However, it is the thyroid pathology that occupies a leading position among endocrine diseases [15]. A fairly common disorder of thyroid activity is hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by the acceleration of both synthesis and catabolism of proteins, which leads to their metabolism disorders [3]. In the meantime, the relationship between the liver thyroid, and adrenal glands in hyperthyroidism has not been well studied. The purpose of the research project was to study the influence of iodine with different chemical nature on the thyroid gland weight and on the weight of adrenal glands and the liver, functionally connected with the thyroid gland, in the conditions of the increased functional activity of thyroid gland, in order to identify weight changes of these organs as markers of changes in the body status. MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH A study of 30 days duration was performed on 90 non-linear white male rats with an initial body weight of 140-160 g, with 80 animals being on a synthetic isocaloric starch-casein diet, deficient in iodine content. The source of water-soluble vitamins in the diet was a standard vitamin solution, made with distilled water; fat-soluble vitamins and αtocopherol came from unrefined sunflower oil. All nutrients were added to the food mixture in quantities recommended for animals of this species and age; the drinking bowls were filled with distilled water, which animals consumed ad libitum. Cages were cleaned daily before filling the fodder with the feeders. The state of subclinical hyperthyroidism was induced by applying thyrеoidinum (Belgorodvitaminy LLC, Russia), which was consumed physiologically with food in a histologically determined amount of 15 mg per 100 g body weight. The study was carried out in the spring-summer period to unify the study and to avoid the influence of seasonal and temperature variations. The functional activity of the thyroid gland was affected by the compounds of organic and inorganic iodine, which were added to the food mixture. Organic iodine was consumed with the iodine-protein components from the Black Sea red algae Phyllophora nervosa (DС.) Grev., inorganic iodine – with a potassium iodide solution, prepared with distilled water. The choice of iodine doses was made taking into account that the dose of iodine 50 μg per kg body weight is sufficient for normal functioning of the thyroid gland. Both iodine-containing substances were introduced in the amounts ensuring administration of a histologically verified minimally active (21 μg per kg body weight), moderate (50 μg per kg body weight) and significant (100 μg per kg body weight) iodine doses [12]. The rats were divided into 9 groups of 10 animals in each. The rats of group 1, which were universal controls (C1) for animals of other groups, were kept on the complete, commonly used vivarium fodder. Rats of group 2 were on the iodine deficient diet and served as a control (C2) to determine the indices of the organs’ weight under the conditions of iodine deficiency in the diet. The animals of groups 3–9 took thyreoidinum, while the rats of group 3 were a control (C3) in determining the features of the both iodine-containing drugs’ effect on the weight of the МЕДИЧНІ ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ / MEDICNI PERSPEKTIVI 151 20/ Том XXV / 2 internal organs under study. To the diet of the rats in groups 4, 5, 6, the amount of 21, 50 and 100 micrograms of organic iodine was added, respectively. Rats of groups 7, 8, 9 received the same amount of iodine of inorganic chemical nature. At the end of the study period, the animals were decapitated under the ether anesthesia. Experiments with the use of laboratory animals were carried out in compliance with the Law of Ukraine “On Protection of Animals from Cruel Treatment” (No. 3447-IV of February 21, 2006), as well as the “General Ethical Principles of Animal Experiments” adopted by the 1st National Congress on Bioethics (Kyiv, 2001) following the requirements of the Bioethics Committee of the Lviv Medical Institute (Protocol No. 22 of May 15, 2017), agreed with the provisions of the “European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes” (Strasbourg, 1986). The thyroid and adrenal glands and the liver were separated from the connective tissue and weighed. The absolute weight of the thyroid and adrenal glands was deter

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Weight of the thyroid, adrenal glands, and the liver of white rats in the conditions of hyperthyroidism: the possibility of applying indices changes as screening-markers for determining body status effected by organic and inorganic iodine.