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Ada dua perbedaan prinsip sistem peradilan di berbagai negara hukum, yaitu: pertama: sistem unity of jurisdiction yang dianut oleh negara-negara hukum rule of law yang hanya mengenal satu set pengadilan yaitu pengadilan biasa (pengadilan umum) dan tidak mengenal eksistensi PTUN. Kedua: sistem duality of jurisdiction yang dianut oleh negara-negara hukum rechtsstaat dikenal adanya dua set pengadilan yaitu pengadilan biasa (pengadilan umum) dan PTUN, pengadilan umum berpuncak ke Mahkamah Agung sedangkan PTUN berpuncak ke Dewan Negara (Conseil d’Etat). Kedua sistem ini bukan hanya struktur organisasi pengadilan yang berbeda, tetapi substansi hukum maupun hukum acaranya juga berbeda. Untuk di Indonesia, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem peradilan di Indonesia sangat unik, jika dilihat dari struktur organisasi peradilan maka lebih dekat pada sistem unity of jurisdiction , sedangkan jika dilihat dari prinsip-prinsip pengadilan atau tata cara penyelesaian sengketa maka lebih dekat pada sistem duality of jurisdicton sehingga penulis menyimpulkan bahwa sistem peradilan Indonesia adalah sistem campuran. The two main different principles in judicial system in the various legal states are namely (first): as the unity of jurisdiction system applied by rule of law which only consisted of civil court and, (second): the duality of jurisdiction system which applied by rechtstaat law states that is known consisted of civil court and administrative court. Civil court culminates in the Supreme Court while the Administrative Court culminates in the State Council (Conseil d'Etat). These two systems are not just different in court organizational hierarchy, but also different ini the legal substance and the legal procedural. The research reports show that the judicial system in Indonesia is very unique, from the judicial organizational hierarchy perspective is closer to the system of unity of jurisdiction, whereas from the principles of the court and the procedure of dispute settlement perspective is closer to the duality of system jurisdicton so the authors finally conclude that the judicial system of Indonesia is a mixture system.

jurnal hukum dan peradilan/jurnal hukum dan peradilan

MEMAHAMI KEDUDUKAN PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA DI INDONESIA: SISTEM UNITY OF JURISDICTION ATAU DUALITY OF JURISDICTION? SEBUAH STUDI TENTANG STRUKTUR DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA / UNDERSTANDING ADMINISTRATIVE COURT IN INDONESIA: UNITY OF JURISDICTION OR DUALITY OF JURISDICTION SYSTEM? A STUDY OF HIERARCHY AND CHARACTERISTIC