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At arecent congress, Cossacks of Eastern Siberia and Far East of Russia demanded the abolition of the Jewish Autonomous Region (JAR). Most zealous Zionists supported this demand, since their primary goal is to bring world Jewry to Israel. However, the majority of the 200,000 Jews and non-Jews of the JAR, including approximately one hundred so-called " Amur Cossacks," rejected this idea. The history of colonization of this tiny part of Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur river, was very dramatic. There were hardships throughout its history that continue today. At a time when the JARis trying to rebuild its economy and construct new political and social relations and culture, some people raise their voices demanding its abolition. The history of this region's settlement and development over the last 150 years can be divided into two acts. The first involves the Cossacks' settlement of the region. Most of them were killed or fled the region after the Revolution. The second act involves the creation of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The history of Jewish settlement is not devoid of violence either. There has also been a process of out-migration, but this process has been considerably less bloody and more gradual. There are ,some Cossacks living outside the JAR who now demand that the Jewish Autonomous Region territory be returned to them. They argue that their ancestors arrived first and that Jews came to already-colonized territories. In fact, as will be seen later, both communities have contributed their hard labour to colonization and development of the region. Cossacks settled a narrow strip along the Amur

Jews and Cossacks in the Jewish Autonomous Region