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Fifteen years ago, the crisis facing organized labour was the most common theme in discussion of the labour movements of European and North American industrialized countries. There was, of course, a membership crisis and another crisis of overly bureaucratic structures. But there was also a crisis of direction within these extremely institutionalized organizations, which had increasingly incestuous relations with governments while losing touch with the forces of opposition generated by broader civil society. The questions of the day were “If it is obvious that there will always be unions, can we assume that there will always be a labour movement?” and “If the labour movement has become a political actor to be reckoned with, has it lost its ability to ‘create’ significant social change?” It is on the basis of this simplified reflection, that I will deal with the Québec labour movement and more specifically its relationship with civil society. I take as a case study the role labour adopted in the fight against the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). My fundamental argument is that the FTAA and the reactions it elicits will bear changes for the labour movement (within Québec and beyond), in its relations with both the state and civil society organizations, not to mention NorthSouth relations.

The Labour Movement and Civil Society: Reflections on the People’s Summit from Quebec