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A wide range of variation was revealed among 13 grape cultivars in terms of means of osmotic potential of berry juice, berry size, and cracking index. Cracking density and percentage of cracked fruit were determined by dipping berries in a nonionic surfactant water solution for 10 hours. Analysis of the distribution of skin stress by a computerdigitizer system indicated that the distribution of the cracking density and fracture pattern were affected by the distribution of the factors of stress concentration in the direction of the longitudinal (FSCL) and latitudinal arc (FSCH) for most of the cultivars.However, in some cultivars these indices were independent of the distribution of stress concentration and berry cracking seemed to occur. because of the fragility of limited area of skin. Distribution of the FSCL and FSCH values was markedly influenced by the berry shape. Both values were uniformly distributed when the berry shape approached a sphere. However, FSCH values were larger than FSCL values and the range of fluctuations of the FSCH values became wider with an elliptically shaped berry, particularly in 'Rizamat' which was found to be the most suscpetible to berry cracking. 'Rizamat' berries had a high density of ring fractures in the stalk cavity with a concomitant increase of FSCL values in this region. The susceptibility to berry cracking did not correlate with the osmotic potential of berry juice or the berry size, but showed a significant positive correlation with the ranges of FSCH values. Therefore, the uneven distribution of skin stress seemed to play a role in the susceptibility of grape berry to cracking.

Relationship among Berry Cracking Susceptibility, Berry Morphology and Skin Stress Distribution in Several Grape Cultivars