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Trees of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) grown under plastic greenhouse (PGH)culture are characterized by their annual high yield of fine quality fruit. In this experiment, morphological characteristics and seasonal changes in net photosynthesis (Pn) of leaves of trees grown under PGH culture were compared with those of trees grown in the open (control).1. In the PGH, air and soil temperature conditions were kept within a range favorable for Pn throughout the year except during October. Leaf chlorophyll content was maintained over 2 mg/g FW all year; moderate leaf water potential (ψL) was also maintained for Pn, that is, over -20 bars from Aug. to Mar. Although specific leaf weight and stomatal density of leaves on trees grown under PGH culture were less than that of control leaves, the mean leaf area of PGH leaves was 150% greater.2. With regards to characteristics of photosynthesis, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) transmitted through the plastic film was reduced by 50 to 60% of that which impinged on leaves out in the open. Maximum Pn per unit leaf area of trees under PGH was similar to that of control trees. In control trees, spring leaves exhibited high Pn activity from July to Oct., whereas, in PGH trees, summer leaves exhibited high Pn rate between Sept. to Mar., and spring leaves, which sprouted in Dec., had high Pn rates from Jan. to Mar. Older leaves under PGH culture maintained higher Pn activity than did comparable leaves on control trees throughout the year.3. Fruit yield of trees under PGH culture was about twice that of control trees whether the comparison was based on per 10 ares, per tree, or per canopy volume. Thus, trees under PGH culture produced high yields annually.We postulate that the primary cause for the difference in yield between the two cultures is the result of greater Pn efficiency of trees under PGH. This is because environmental conditions under PGH were nearly optimum which allowed newly formed spring and summer leaves to maintain a higher Pn rate over a longer period than similar leaves on control trees. These PGH conditions, likewise, favored older leaves to outperform comparable leaves on control trees so that the yields were greater on PGH trees.

Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Productivity of Satsuma Mandarin(Citrus unshiu Marc.)Trees under Plastic Greenhouse Culture.