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To proceed with comparative physiological studies on the sexuality of Cucurbitaceae, the effect of photoperiod on sex expression of Luffa and Lagenaria plants was investigated. In Luffa cylindrica, photoperiod modified not only sex expression, but also the initiation and development of flowers, with both flower formation and pistillate flower production being greatly promoted under short-day condition. Nodes with vegetative buds, abortive staminate floral buds, normal staminate buds, mixed nodes with staminate and pistillate floral buds, and nodes with pistillate floral buds alone were f ormd. The increase in femaleness acropetally along the stem was similar to that of other cucurbits that also respond to photoperiod. The number of pistillate flowers increased as the photoperiod was shortened from 12 h to 4 h. The critical daylength for pistillate flower induction was around 12 h--16 h under the experimental conditions used. At least four cycles of photoinduction were required for pistillate flower production when an 8 h daylength was adopted, with more short-day cycles increasing the female tendency. There was little difference in the photoperiodic response between Lu ffa plants of cvs. `Onaga' and `Futo'. In Lagenaria siceraria, the sex expression of flowers was not significantly affected by photoperiod, although flower induction and development were affected , and flower formation was hastened under short-day conditions as in Luffa cylindrica . Since only few pistillate flowers appeared on the main stem, sex expression of these cucurbits was assumed to be similar to that of a monoecious cucumber or melon plants that produce almost no pistillate or hermaphrodite flowers on the main stem and hardly respond to photoperiod. Almost no differences in the photoperiodic responses were observed between Lagenaria siceraria var, gourda Hara(`Oh-hyotan') and var, microcarpa Hara (`Sennari-hyotan').

Photoperiodic Responses Controlling Sex Expression of Flowers in Luffa and Lagenaria Plants