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After its introduction to Africa, maize was quickly adopted as the cornerstone of local cuisine, especially in sub-Saharan countries. Although nutrient deficiencies constitute a heavy disease burden in the most vulnerable countries, white maize varieties, lacking provitamin A, carotenoids and vitamin A, were widely preferred in Africa. In this work we characterized two black-colored landraces, the Millo Corvo and Spinato cultivars, as well as three non-colored maize genotypes (B73, Argentina and Haiti). We examined the content of carotenoids and anthocyanins for their strong nutritional power, and also the phosphate content, polyphenols and protein levels. The two colored cultivars resulted particularly rich in antioxidant and nutraceuticals factors as carotenoids and anthocyanins pigments, while the white cultivar Argentina resulted particularly interesting for the high and unexpected content of free phosphate. The aim of the project is to cultivate the analyzed maize cultivars, tested to confirm the same nutritional profile observed in Italy, and verify whether they grow productively in South African soil; the subject cultivars will be used for breeding programs and then selected for use as functional food in poorer communities suffering of nutritional deficiencies.

hsoa journal of food science and nutrition

Preliminary Analysis and Biochemical Characterization Related to Health Implications for African Populations in Some Maize Cultivars. A Special Look at the South African Environment