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Formal query building is an important part of complex question answering overknowledge bases. It aims to build correct executable queries for questions.Recent methods try to rank candidate queries generated by a state-transitionstrategy. However, this candidate generation strategy ignores the structure ofqueries, resulting in a considerable number of noisy queries. In this paper, wepropose a new formal query building approach that consists of two stages. Inthe first stage, we predict the query structure of the question and leveragethe structure to constrain the generation of the candidate queries. We proposea novel graph generation framework to handle the structure prediction task anddesign an encoder-decoder model to predict the argument of the predeterminedoperation in each generative step. In the second stage, we follow the previousmethods to rank the candidate queries. The experimental results show that ourformal query building approach outperforms existing methods on complexquestions while staying competitive on simple questions.

Formal Query Building with Query Structure Prediction for Complex Question Answering over Knowledge Base