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Recent research has highlighted the significance of daydreaming, a temporary separation from reality that focuses on an individual’s thoughts (e.g., Giambra & Traynor, 1978; Golding & Singer, 1983; Mar, Mason, & Litvak, 2012). Killingsworth and Gilbert (2010) found that people’s minds wander 46.9% of the time. However, the potential relationship between daydreaming frequency, life satisfaction, and mood has received little attention in the literature. Although some researchers have suggested that daydreaming precedes a negative affect (Killingsworth & Gilbert, 2010), others have demonstrated that one’s mood leads the mind to wander (Smallwood, Fitzgerald, Miles, & Phillips, 2009). The current study further explored the relationship between positive mood and daydreaming frequency by assessing whether life satisfaction may serve as a mediator. Although daydreaming and mind-wandering may be considered two different constructs, the current literature has often used these terms interchangeably. For instance, theorists have defined daydreaming in three predominant ways—as fanciful desired wishes, as thinking unrelated to an ongoing activity (mind-wandering), or as unintended mental content that comes to mind effortlessly (Klinger, 2009). Rather than defining daydreaming as a unitary construct that either includes or excludes mind-wandering, Klinger (2009) suggested that daydreaming be defined as nonworking thought that is spontaneous or fanciful. In this way, daydreaming includes mind-wandering. ABSTRACT. The current study tested to see if life satisfaction mediates the relationship between positive mood and daydreaming frequency. Two nonexperimental studies were conducted in which participants completed a questionnaire that assessed their positive mood, life satisfaction, and frequency of daydreaming. In Study 1, including 170 collegiate students, statistically significant results supported our correlational hypotheses between positive mood and life satisfaction (r = .67, p < .001), life satisfaction and daydreaming frequency (r = -.22, p = .002), and positive mood and daydreaming frequency (r = -.27, p < .001). However, the proposed mediational model, that life satisfaction mediated the relationship between positive mood and daydreaming frequency, was not supported because the negative relationship between positive mood and daydreaming frequency remained statistically significant when life satisfaction was added to the regression equation (ß = -.22, SE = .07; 95% CI [-.30, -.01]; p = .033). Study 2, including 102 adults, aimed to increase the reliability and generalizability of Study 1. Results from Study 2 also did not support the mediational role of life satisfaction. However, the results of Study 2 also demonstrated a negative relationship between positive mood and daydreaming frequency (r = -.35, p < .001), even when life satisfaction was included in the regression equation (ß = -.39, SE = .08; 95% CI [-.45, -.13]; p < .001). We discuss possible age and gender effects, and future directions of research.

Does Life Satisfaction Mediate the Relationship Between Mood and Daydreaming Frequency?