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Summary Background: Birth involves strong oxidative stress for the infant, implying an increased production of free radicals. The aims of this study were to assess the antioxidant response to oxidative insult at birth, by estimating the superoxide dismu- tase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in umbilical cord blood, and to evaluate their dependency on the degree of maturation of the newborns. Methods: In the present study, 60 preterm infants (study group) as well as a full-term healthy reference group (A=53) were included. Additionally, the preterms were divided in 3 groups according to their condition at the end of the 1st week of life: preterm control (B=25), on oxygen support (C= 18), and ventilated group (D= 17). Results: The obtained results indicate markedly lower antioxidant capacity of the preterm infants: they had significantly lower SOD and GPX activity than the full-term infants (pcO.OOl, for both). Investigated antioxidants also showed significant differences between the groups of preterms. SOD activity was higher in preterms with postnatal respiratory fail- ure compared to preterm control (p<0.001). On the con- trary, GPX activity was decreased in the oxygen supported group (10%) and even more in the ventilated group (28.5%) (p< 0.001, for both). The newborns enzyme activities were also profoundly modulated by the gestational age and birth weight, specifically the GPX. Conclusions: Because of their deficient and inadequate antioxidant protection, preterm newborns are more suscep- tible to oxidant injury at birth. Kratak sadržaj Uvod: Proces rađanja sam po sebi predstavlja snažan oksi- dativni stres za novorodeno dete. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ispita antioksidantni odgovor oksidativnom insultu na rode- nju, putem odredivanja aktivnosti superoksid-dismutaze (SOD) i glutation-peroksidaze (GPX) u krvi pupčane vrpce, kao i da se utvrdi njihova zavisnost od stepena zrelosti novo- rodenog deteta. Metode: U ovu studiju je uključeno 60 prevremeno rodene dece (ispitivana grupa) koja su podeljena u 3 grupe saglas- no njihovom stanju krajem prve postnatalne nedelje: prevre- mena kontrola (n= 25), na kiseoničnoj terapiji (n=18) i na mehaničkoj ventilaciji (n=17). Pedeset troje zdrave novo- rođenčadi činilo je kontrolnu grupu. Rezultati: Dobijeni rezultati indiciraju slabiji antioksidantni kapacitet kod prevremeno rođene dece: oni su imali znatno smanjenu aktivnost SOD i GPX u odnosu na terminsku decu rodenu u 40. nedelji (p<0,001, za oba). Ispitivani antioksi- danti su pokazali značajnu razliku medu prevremenim grupa- ma. SOD je pokazala znatno povećanu aktivnost u grupama sa postnatalnom respiratornom slabošću u poredenju sa pre- vremenom kontrolom (p<0,001). Suprotno tome, aktivnost GPX je bila znatno smanjena: u grupi na kiseoničnoj terapi- ji 10% i još vise u ventiliranoj grupi (28,5%) (p< 0,001). Enzimska aktivnost je bila upadljivo modulirana gestacijskom starošću i težinom na rodenju, posebno GPX. Zaključak: Prevremeno rođena deca su izuzetno podložna oksidativnom insultu na rođenju zbog svoje deficitne i ne- adekvatne antioksidantne zaštite.

journal of medical biochemistry

CORD BLOOD SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY IN PREMATURE INFANTS / AKTIVNOST SUPEROKSID-DISMUTAZE I GLUTATION-PEROKSIDAZE KOD PREVREMENO RODENE DECE