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The species of genus  Varroa  mites parasitize on the honey bees of genus  Apis . Unlike the well-studied  V. destructor  and  V. jacobsoni  mites,  V. underwoodi  remain less known. According to English language publications, the proven  V. underwoodi  distribution area of  A. cerana  colonies covers Nepal, South Korea, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Vietnam and China, but not Russia even though it had been described morphometrically in Russian language publications in Russia's Primorsky Territory. According to Vavilov's law (1920) of a homologous series, all the species of  V. underwoodi, V. destructor  and  V. jacobsoni  have the ability to spill over onto new hosts. Thus,  V. underwoodi  is a potential parasite of  A. mellifera  that should be carefully studied. In this study,  V. underwoodi  mites in colonies of honey bee subspecies  A. c. ussuriensis  native to Russia's Primorsky Territory are first proven using both morphometry and mitochondrial  COX1  gene sequencing. The genetic divergence and p-distances between  V. underwoodi  and other  Varroa  species ranged from 7 to 10% and from 0.072 to 0.099, respectively, which matched the intraspecific level of differences. Two identical northernmost  V. underwoodi  samples from Russia's Primorsky Territory and China's Jilin province with GenBank accession number MH205176 were assigned as  COX1  haplotype China 1 MH205176. The first discovery of  V. underwoodi  in the Primorsky Territory in northern Asia outlined the northern border of its range.

journal of apicultural science

First Evidence of Presence of Varroa underwoodi Mites on Native Apis cerana Colonies in Primorsky Territory of Russia Based on COX1 Gene