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Blue mold rot, caused by  Penicillium expansum , is one of the most economically important post-harvest diseases of apple worldwide. The goals of this study were threefold: to evaluate the diversity of  P. expansum  isolates for mycelial growth, spore production and lesion diameter on apples; to estimate the effects of cold-storage facility conditions on  P. expansum  population structure; and to investigate the efficacy of three essential oils against  P. expansum . The results showed that storage facilities applying fungicides and storing diverse fruit species selected for  P. expansum  isolates with a larger lesion diameter on apples. In addition, application of fungicides and diversification in stored fruit species significantly select for  P. expansum  isolates with higher levels of mycelial growth and spore production, respectively. Moreover, the diversity of host species of stored fruit accounted for 38% of the variability observed between storage facilities for the measured fitness parameters in  P. expansum  isolates and had a stronger effect on  P. expansum  population structure than fungicide treatment. Essential oils from  Mentha pulegium  and  Syzygium aromaticum  significantly decreased mycelial growth and spore production of  P. expansum  isolates  in vitro. Mentha pulegium  essential oil also significantly decreased the size of lesions associated with the blue mold rot of apples. Reducing the diversity of stored host species and applying  M. pulegium  essential oil may be useful in counter-selecting for aggressive  P. expansum  isolates and reducing losses due to blue mold rot during fruit storage.

folia horticulturae

Effects of cold-storage facility characteristics on the virulence and sporulation of <i>Penicillium expansum</i> and the efficacy of essential oils against blue mold rot of apples

Effects of cold-storage facility characteristics on the virulence and sporulation of Penicillium expansum and the efficacy of essential oils against blue mold rot of apples