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Background: The objective of this study was to determine changes in the group size of girls and boys with proper BMI values and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity in a twenty-year time span. Material/Methods: In 1985 and 1986,20,353 boys and girls were examined, and 20 years later, 10,705 students. Measurements of body height and body mass were taken, which enabled calculating values of the Body Mass Index (BMI). The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s ttest for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of girls and boys classified to each group in respect of the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined with the χ2 test. Results: The greatest generation changes in the mass-to-height proportions were noted in the youngest children from the Podlaskie Province. It was higher by 1.66% in pupils with 2 degree underweight, and higher by 4.79% and 1.29% in pupils with overweight and obesity, respectively, while it was lower by 10.11% among boys with a normal BMI value. In girls the percentage with normal BMI values was observed to decrease by 8.95%, whereas among girls with overweight – to increase by 4.85%. Conclusions: The results may suggest that a greater percentage of the young generation will be characterized by improper mass-to-height proportions. Word count: 2,992 Tables: 4 Figures: 0 References: 22 Received: October 2013 Accepted: October 2014 Published: December 2014 Corresponding author: Ph.D. AgnieszkaWasiluk Faculty of Physical Education and Sport ul. Akademicka 2, 21-500 Biala Podlaska Phone: +4883 3428741 E-mail: agnieszka.wasiluk@awf-bp.edu.pl Unauthenticated Download Date | 1/19/15 11:31 AM J. Saczuk, A. Wasiluk, Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province... 260 Introduction Civilization advance progressingin many countries of Europe and the world contributes to lifestyle changes in entire societies. Achievements of human thought and their materialization are accompanied by numerous adverse effects, the most severe of which includes reduced physical activity which, in consequence, increases the risk of overweight and obesity development [1, 2]. Such a lifestyle results, among others, in an increased number of children with overweight and excessive body adiposity observed in recent two decades especially in highly-developed countries [3, 4, 5, 6]. It is very often emphasized that obesity is the cause of many health disorders including: ischemic heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, colon cancers, prostate cancer, etc. [7, 8, 9]. In contrast, body mass deficiency remains in a strict correlation with inflammatory lesions of bronchi and lungs, asthma, improper functioning of the digestive system, and emotional disorders [10, 11]. The last twenty years in Poland have been aperiod of abrupt socio-economic changes and transformations. In this period a new class of wealthy people has emerged, but on the other hand a considerable part of the group has impoverished as a result of closing downof many work places and an increasing unemployment rate. The intensifying disproportions in the economic status of the Polish society were accompanied by discernible differences in the nutritional status of children and adolescents. This problem is observed in regions of the country with higher economic indices and is beginning to be noticeable in the regions with a lower rate of development [12, 13]. It seems interesting, therefore, to determine the rate of changes in somatic traits of adolescents inhabiting poorly-developed regions of the country. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine changes taking placewithin twenty years in the group of children and adolescents from the Podlaskie Province characterized by proper body mass to body height proportions and their peers with underweight, overweight and obesity. Material and methods In 1985 and1986 research was undertaken within the Key Issue 10.7, amongst children and adolescents inhabiting areas of the then Provinces: Suwalskie, Bialostockie and Łomzynskie. After administrative transformation of the country, beginning from year 1998 the aforementioned areas have become part of the Podlaskie Province. Based on the list of educational centers received from Education Offices, 120 schools were selected for the study considering the settlement structure in these regions and trying to maintain a balance in the number of schools from the former Provinces. Results of observations of 20,353 girls and boys at the age of 7-18 years, including 13,034 inhabitants of urban areas and 7,319 inhabitants of rural areas, were selected for this study from the collected material. Observations were repeated in the same schools in 2005 and 2006, within statutory tasks of the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw (D.S 45). This time, the surveys covered results of 10,705 pupils at the age of 7-18, including 7,021 and 3,684 inhabitants of urban and rural areas, respectively. The number of girls and boys at both stages of observations, considering their calendar age and place of residence, was presented in Table 1. The lower number of schoolboys and schoolgirls at the second stage of the study was due to an educational reform initiated in 1993, as a result of which many small schools were closed down whereas part of the other schools was re-organized, which hindered the observations. The survey was conducted following principles of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Senate Ethical Commission acting at the Academy of Physical Education in Warsaw. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the respondents’date of birth and social conditions. Anthropometric measurements were taken according to standard anthropometric techniques (IBP). Body height and body mass values achieved served to calculate the body mass index (BMI), defined as body mass (kg) of an individual divided by the square of their height (m). The obtained BMI values enabled selecting children with: 3 degree underweight (gr. I), 2 degree underweight (gr. II), 1 degree underweight (gr. III), normal BMI (gr. IV),overweight (gr. V), and obesity (gr. VI). The range of the norm was determined by subtracting all individuals with underweight, overweight and obesity from the whole examined group. The children were classified to the above groups folUnauthenticated Download Date | 1/19/15 11:31 AM J. Saczuk, A. Wasiluk, Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province... 261 lowing recommendations of the Obesity Task Force based on boundary values elaborated by Cole et al. [14, 15]. The numbers of children in particular groups were then used to compute the percentage of girls and boys with underweight, overweight and obesity in the entire material and in particular places of residence (rural, urban areas) in groups considering stages of education (7-9 years of age – integrated education; 10-12 years – primary school; 13-15 years – junior high school; 16-18 years – senior high school). Arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated for BMI values in groups, considering the respondents’calendar age. The statistical significance of differences between mean values obtained in 1986 and 2006 was verified with Student’s t-test for independent variables. The statistical significance of differences between the number of children classified to each groups in relation to the whole group surveyed in 1986 and 2006 was determined using χ2 test. Tab. 1. Number of surveyed girls and boys from the Podlaskie Province Age in years Year Total Rural Urban

Underweight, overweight and obesity in boys and girls at the age of 7-18 years from the Podlaskie Province (Poland) in the years 1986 and 2006