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This study was aimed to search and characterize the AmpC and/or ESBL genes of  Escherichia coli ,  Klebsiella pneumoniae  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  isolated from clinical cases of local livestock and companion animals between 2017 and 2019. A total of eight ceftiofur-resistant  E. coli  (n= 7) and ceftiofur-resistant  K. pneumoniae  (n= 1) and seven  P. aeruginosa  were isolated from different cases in local animals. By combination disc method, six  E. coli  isolates and one  K. pneumoniae  isolate were found to be ESBL producers. By combination of the disc method and double disc synergy test, no  P. aeruginosa  isolates were found as ESBL producers. In the agar disc diffusion test (ADDT) performed with cefoxitin and cefoxitin-boronic, only one  E. coli  was determined as AmpC producer. In ESBL-producing isolates, only the CTX-M class gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequence analysis revealed CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 variants. An AmpC positive  E. coli  isolate was found to carry plasmidic  ampC  gene in cmy-2 variant from CIT family. It was observed that  P. aeruginosa  isolates did not carry the plasmidic  ampC  gene. After the chromosomal  ampC  gene of one  P. aeruginosa  was amplified by PCR and sequenced, R79Q and T105A mutations in the chromosomal  ampC  gene was revealed. This showed that overproduction of the  ampC  enzyme is involved in the resistance to β-lactams in  P. aeruginosa  isolates in the study.

Characterisation of AmpC / ESBL genes in some pathogen gram-negatives isolated from clinical cases of livestock and companion animals