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In 2011 and 2012, nurseries that ship plants interstate were surveyed for hazardous conditions that may contribute to Phytophthora ramorum establishment within plant production areas. Four-hundred-forty-three nurseries were surveyed for issues related to irrigation water, soil drainage, general sanitation, handling of potting media, potting practices, and the surface on which containerized plants were placed. While most nurseries used best management practices to address those potential hazards, potentially risky conditions were observed at several nurseries. Seventy-nine nurseries used untreated water from rivers and ponds to irrigate their plants. One-hundred-thirteen nurseries had standing water present in greenhouses and/or in plant production areas. Heavy amounts of plant debris were observed in 39 nurseries, while 36 nurseries placed cull piles in risky locations. One-hundred-thirteen nurseries placed containerized plants on native soil and 157 nurseries stored potting media on native soil. Re-using pots was a common practice, although 207 nurseries did not clean or sanitize containers before re-use. Adopting or changing management practices to address these hazardous conditions would help mitigate the risk of P. ramorum becoming established in the nurseries.

Assessing Potential Hazards for Phytophthora ramorum Establishment in Oregon Nurseries