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Little research has been conducted into the growth and nutrient uptake potential of native grasses for use in vegetated buffers, grassed waterways, and cover crops for the mitigation of agricultural and horticultural runoff. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with three U.S. native grasses: Leymus triticoides, Melica imperfecta, Vulpia microstachys, and turf-type tall fescue, Lolium arundinaceum. Treatments were the rate of nitrogen application, with 0, 460, 920, or 1380 kg·ha−1 applied per twelve-week experimental period. Shoot and root material was collected, dried, and analyzed for N and P. Grass quality measurements included visual shoot density and visual root density. Species differences were found for the uptake of water, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), as well as for plant quality measurements such as shoot and root density. Across species, as N application rate increased, apparent N recovery decreased, suggesting that these grasses will exhibit a decreased efficiency in scavenging N when N concentrations in applied runoff are higher. Among native grasses, L. triticoides exhibited some advantages over the others which may make it valuable in remediation applications, including high shoot and root density, rapid vertical growth, and high water, N, and P uptake.

Nutrient Runoff Uptake Potential and Growth for Three U.S. Native Grasses and Tall Fescue