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Direct nursery runoff (runoff), wetland treated recycled nursery runoff (recycled), and a municipal water source (tap) with and without elevated salt (NaCl targeted injection to 3.0 dS·m–1) levels were tested as potential drip irrigation sources for production of in-ground cut flower crops and landscape bedding plants. Two species of cut flowers, Helianthus annuus L. ‘Mammoth’ (sunflower) and Gladiolus x hortulanus L. ‘Tout À Toi’ (gladiolus), and two bedding plants, Catharanthus roseus G. Don ‘Pacifica Red’ (vinca) and Zinnia elegans N.J. von Jacquin ‘Lilliput Mixed Colors’ (zinnia), were established in trial beds irrigated with the four water treatments during the summer of 2001 as a warm season experiment. A second experiment was conducted from November 2001 to May 2002 to investigate growth and flowering responses of two species of cut flower crops [Consolida ambigua (L.) P. Ball & V. Heywood (larkspur) and Narcissus tazetta L. ‘Galilea’ (paperwhite narcissus)] and two bedding plants [Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Montego Mix’ (snapdragons) and Viola x wittrockiana H. Gams ‘Crown Mix’ (pansies)]. Marketable crops of sunflower, paperwhite narcissus, and larkspur were produced with all four water treatments. Direct nursery runoff, recycled wetland treated water, and NaCl spiked water that were high in soluble salts during the heat of summer reduced yield and inflorescence diameter with sunflowers, but only slightly reduced inflorescence quality and had no effect on yield of paperwhite narcissus. These three treatments also affected stand density, but not yield of cut larkspur inflorescences in the cool season. Irrigation with water containing elevated NaCl levels reduced flower counts on pansies and growth indices on pansies and snapdragons over much of the growing season, but reduced snapdragon flowering only in spring. Vinca was unaffected by the irrigation treatments. Zinnia survival and flowering were reduced or delayed by irrigation with recycled or elevated NaCl water. Index words: fertility, nursery effluent, salinity. Species used in this study: snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L. ‘Montego Mix’); vinca (Catharanthus roseus G. Don ‘Pacifica Red’); canna (Canna x generalis L.H. Bailey); larkspur (Consolida ambigua (L.) P. Ball & V. Heywood); gladiolus (Gladiolus x hortulanus L. ‘Tout À Toi’); sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. ‘Mammoth’); iris (Iris L. x ‘Clyde Redmond’); paperwhite narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. ‘Galilea’); pansy (Viola x wittrockiana H. Gams ‘Crown Mix’); zinnia (Zinnia elegans N.J. von Jacquin ‘Lilliput Mixed Colors’). 1Received for publication November 18, 2002; in revised form April 7, 2003. This work was supported in part by a grant from the Texas Department of Agriculture’s Texas–Israeli Exchange Board and in part by The Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 2Associate Professor, Research Associate, and Graduate Student, respectively. 3Associate Professor, Dept. of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, Mail Stop 2117, College Station, TX 77843-2117. 4Environmental Hydrology & Microbiology, J. Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Ben Gurion College 84990, Israel. Significance to the Nursery Industry Drip application of single pass recycled wetland effluent or direct nursery runoff were suitable for drip irrigating zinnia, vinca, pansies, and snapdragons in landscape settings. These same treatments were effective for drip irrigating larkspur and paperwhite narcissus as cut flower crops, but reduced the yield of sunflowers during the warm season. Irrigation of these cut flower crops suggest an alternative use for recycled or direct nursery runoff. A lack of substantially adverse effects on bedding plants irrigated with direct nursery runoff and wetland treated effluent suggest that retail operations should be able to utilize their captured runoff for drip irrigating landscape display plantings. Reductions in growth indices and flowering of pansies and snapdragons with sodium chloride injected irrigation water suggests that if soluble salt levels increased to the 3.0 dS/m level associated with this treatment, then salts will need to be diluted with less saline water or alternative uses for the water may need to be found.

Irrigating Landscape Bedding Plants and Cut Flowers With Recycled Nursery Runoff and Constructed Wetland Treated Water