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Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) and arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) (both 3 year old stock) were lifted and outplanted at 2 locations in northern Ohio (Wooster and Green Springs) in mid-October (early fall), mid-November (late fall) and late April (spring). At the nursery, one-half of the trees were packed in moist peat moss and the other half were root-dipped in a starch-polyacrylonitrile gel before shipment to the planting site. Samples of trees were also placed in a growth chamber in order to determine root regeneration (RR) after 4 weeks. For Austrian pine, first-year survival of early fall, late fall, and spring planted trees averaged 15, 60, and 91%, resp. In the growth chamber, only 12% of early-fall planted pines regenerated new roots after 4 weeks, and needle water deficits (NWD) exceeded 25%, a critical value for survival. Root regeneration of spring planted trees was 60% in the growth chamber. On June 5, average NWD of fall planted Austrian pines at Wooster was well above 25%, while that of spring planted trees was below 25%. For all pines, few trees broke bud and shoot growth was poor the first year. For arborvitae, survival of fall- and spring-planted trees was not significantly different; mean survival was 94% for all trees in the study. However, fall planted trees showed reduced RR in the growth chamber and first-year height of field planted trees averaged 22% less than that of spring planted trees. Survival of seedlings of both species root-dipped in starch-polyacrylonitrile gel before planting survived no better than that of undipped trees. Poor performance of Austrian pine outplantings in Ohio, especially fall plantings, is probably due to poor RR followed by excessive NWD. Cultural methods that increase root regeneration of outplanted stock are needed.

Seasonal Planting, Root Regeneration and Water Deficits of Austrian Pine and Arborvitae