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Ultrafine-grain metals are known to have a number of attractive strength properties(1). Two-phase iron nickel alloys having microduplex structures are a particular example(2)-(5) Since pure iron nickel alloys cannot be hardened enough per se, certain elements have to be added in order to attain high strength. Addition of elements forming precipitates, such as Al, to iron and steel is known to cause retardation of recrystallization along with the reduced recrystallization nuclei, giving rise to coarser grain structures. Addition of Ti also increases the recrystallization temperature, but results in finer grain structures, as described in a comprehensive review by Sudo(6). Therefore with the addition of Ti the grain sizes in microduplex iron nickel alloys will be refined besides the well-known hardening effects described in the literature(7)-(10) The present study has demonstrated the presence of a noticeable effect of the third element, i.e. Ti or Nb, upon the refinement of microduplex grain size in a cold rolled Fe16%Ni alloy.

Recrystallized Grain Structures in Microduplex Iron Nickel Alloys Doped with Niobium or Titanium