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Ti-coated Al2O3 balls with a proposed structure of TiO2/TiOx/Al2O3 (0 < x < 2) prepared by fine particle bombardment (FPB) had previously been reported to possess a catalytic effect for durability improvement of oils or mileage increase of diesel fuels due presumably to the well-known oxidative effect of titanium dioxide. On the contrary, we believed that the durability improvement of oils can more reasonably be explained by reductive properties (i.e. antioxidant) of the Ti-coated Al2O3 balls. For this reason, reductive properties of Ti-coated Al2O3 balls have been studied in the present investigation in terms of electrical measurements of the balls, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the surface, as well as reduction indicator using a viologen compound. The reductive properties are found to arise from a thin TiOx layer which can gradually be dissolved into water-containing media, leaving behind electrons on the Al2O3 balls. These electrons may serve as the antioxidant (i.e. reducing agent: electron donor) for durability improvement of oils or mileage increase of diesel fuels

Ti-Coated Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> Balls Prepared by Fine Particle Bombardment and Their Reductive Properties