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Numerical simulation coupled with experimental method was carried out to   study the flow and heat transfer characteristics in rectangular channel with   staggered array-based dimples. The effect of different dimple depths and   Reynolds number were investigated using the shear stress transport turbulent   model coupled with gamma-theta transition model. The results indicated that   heat transfer and flow resistance of the dimpled surface increases with the   increase of dimple depth. Moreover, the thermal performance is sensitive to   the flow transition. Heat transfer in each single dimple region increases   monotonously in the streamwise direction with Reynolds number increasing.   Heat transfer characteristics almost remain the same when the flow is under   fully laminar or turbulent but increases greatly when the flow is transited   from laminar condition to turbulent condition. Besides, the variations of   friction coefficients and thermal performance coefficients are quite similar   to those of heat transfer enhancement coefficients, which firstly increases   then decreases with the increase of Reynolds number. By comparing the   experimental and numerical results, it is found that staggered array-based   dimples with δ/D = 0.2 was the most effective structure from the aspect of   thermal performance

Experimental and numerical investigation of thermal performance of channels with staggered array-based dimples