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In this study, thermo-physical and geometrical parameters affecting entropy   generation of nanofluid turbulent flow such as the volume fraction, Reynolds   number and diameter of the channel and micro-channel with circular cross   section under constant flux are examined analytically. Water is used as a   base fluid of nanofluid with nanoparticles of Ag, Cu, CuO and TiO2. The study   is conducted for Reynolds numbers of 20000, 40000 and 1, volume   fractions of 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04, channel diameters of 2, 4, 6 and 8   cm and micro-channel diameters of 20, 40, 60 and 80 micrometers. Based on the   results, the most of the generated entropy in channel is due to heat   transfer, and also, with increasing the diameter of the channel, Bejan number   increases. The contribution of entropy generation due to heat transfer in the   micro-channel is very poor and the major contribution of entropy generation   is due to friction. The maximum amount of entropy generation in channel   belongs to nanofluids with Ag, Cu, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively,   while in the micro-channel this behavior is reversed; and the minimum entropy   generation happens in nanofluids with Ag, Cu, CuO and TiO2 nanoparticles,   respectively. In channel and micro-channel, for all nanofluids except for the   water-TiO2, with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles, the entropy   generation decreases. In channel and micro-channel, the total entropy   generation increases as Reynolds number augments

Analytical study of parameters affecting entropy generation of nanofluid turbulent flow in channel and micro-channel