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Cynara cardunculus, commonly known as cardoon is a potential energy crop  native to the Mediterranean region with high production yields reported. The  aim of this work is to present an overview on the contradicting agronomic  data available for cardoon and its potential exploitation in industrial  thermochemical (i.e. combustion and gasification) applications. Moreover,  experimental work on cardoon gasification is presented, focusing on the  agglomeration problems it causes when using it in fluidized bed gasifiers.  Cardoon cultivated in Greece was gasified in a 100 kW thermal atmospheric  circulating fluidized bed gasifier (ACFBG). Due to high ash content (rich in  potassium) defluidization was observed at low temperatures (780°C) during the  first 30 minutes after the fuel feeding begun. The agglomerates are  investigated with SEM/EDS in an effort to determine the gluing mechanism. The  particular cardoon was rich in calcium, and this was apparent in the rich in  silicates resolidified melt.

Agglomeration problems during cardoon fluidized bed gasification