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Frost-resistance variability of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var. hamata   Steven) seedlings grown in nurseries conditions, originated from 10   provenances, have been analyzed. The provenances from Black Sea region,   Central Anatolian region and Eastern Anatolian region in Turkey have been   used in selection of seed zones. The results of frost-resistance tests   indicated a strong relationship of implemented freezing degrees with injury   degrees of Scotch pine needles and photosynthetic productivities. On the   other hand, another significant relationship has been determined between   chlorophyll fluorescence and ion leakage methods (r=-0.801). This result   shows that those two methods can be safely used in determining the damages   due to low temperatures. In frost resistance tests, Scotch pine seedlings   from different provenances have been frozen at -10, -20, -30 and -40°C.   According to the Duncan test results, it has been determined that damage   increased as temperature decreased. The damage level at -10°C implementation   is 3.5% which can be tolerated by plants. But when the temperature has been   decreased to -20°C, the level of damage has increased to 51.25%. As a result   of photosynthetic analyses in this phase, it has been determined that there   is a statistically significant relationship between provenances and   temperature levels. Under the light of those findings, they have determined   that the photosynthetic productivity has significantly decreased at   temperatures between -20°C and -40°C. This situation conforms to injury index   values determined in this study. As a result of injury index and   photosynthetic productivity tests used for determining the damage after   frost-resistance tests, it has been determined that the provenances of   Amasya-Kunduz, Bolu-Aladağ, Düzce-Yığılca, Samsun-Vezirköprü and   Eskişehir-Çatacık are more sensitive to frost than other provenances

Inter population variability of frost-resistance in provenances of scot pines (Pinusylvestris L.R. hamata Steven) in Turkey