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Molecular diversity of 145 barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare L.)  accessions from the Serbian GenBank was assessed by single sequence repeats  (SSR) markers. A set of 15 SSRs, covering all chromosomes of the diploid  barley genome with 2-3 SSR markers per chromosome, with a range of 4-18  alleles per locus were used. In total, 15 loci and 119 alleles were detected,  with an average of 7.93 alleles per locus. The Polymorphic information  content value ranged from 0.220 to 0.782 with a mean value of 0.534.  Regarding the growth habit and row type groups, gene diversity was  comparatively higher for the spring (0.616) and six-rowed accessions (0.616)  than for the winter and two- rowed accessions (0.322 and 0.478,  respectively). Analysis of molecular variance showed that all sources of  variation were significant (P < 0.01), but the between-group component was  predominant (76.85%) for growth habit and 89.45% for row type. Unweighted  Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on the  shared allele distance (DSA) matrix estimated on the SSR data assigned the  genotypes into two clusters - the first smaller consisting of the six 6-rowed  spring cultivars and the second comprising six subclusters. Genotype MBR1012  was separated from all other genotypes that constitute UPGMA tree. The  associations of genotypes belonging to different growth habit and row type  groups were assessed using Principal Coordinate Analysis revealing separation  of winter growth habit group from facultative one. The use of the STRUCTURE  clustering algorithm allowed the identification of 2 subpopulations of  genotypes. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31092

Molecular characterization of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) accessions of the Serbian GeneBank by SSR fingerprinting