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The international word ‘scoliosis’ derives from the Greek word ‘scolios’, which stands for ‘distorted’. Scoliosis is defined as the lateral deviation or curvature of the spine at the frontal plane. Radio-anatomically the vertebral column (V.C.) is distinguished into the following segments: the cervical, the thoracic and the lumbar spine, the sacral bone and last but not least the coccyx. Each vertebra consists of a vertebral body, a vertebral arch and the associated processes the articular ones (superior and inferior), transverse and spinous process. The posterior part of each vertebral body, along with the arch, form the vertebral foramen. The summary of the vertebral foramens, form the spinal cavity. The spinal cord is located in the anterior of that particular cavity, surrounded by structures such as the arachnoid mater and the meninges. Radio-graphical evaluation of scoliosis can be performed via anterior-posterior (AP) x-ray imaging of the spine, while the subject is in erect position, as shown in Figure 1A. In the AP x-ray imaging of the V.C., the vertebral bodies as well the inter-vertebral spaces are easily distinguished, being the same width for each individual part of the spinal cord. The vertebrae arch necks look like two oval formations that are projected into the lateral aspects of the spine, as shown in Figure 1A, B. The spacing of these vertebrae’s neck borders (pedicles), corresponds to the transverse diameter of the spinal canal. Depending on the subject’s age, scoliosis can be Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the age-dependent changes of the spine in postmenopausal women with adult scoliosis. Methods: We screened 180 postmenopausal women who presented within a year for an X-ray evaluation in our Radiology Department. Only postmenopausal women without previous surgery of the spine and with a Cobb’s angle of more than 10o were included in the analysis. The acquired X-rays were assessed with the ‘SCODIAC’ software evaluating the Cobb’s angle, Ferguson’s angle, the vertebrae’s rotation and the overall torsion of the spinal cord. Results: 60/180 women met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in the analysis, in four agegroups (per decade of age) of equal number of subjects (N=15). Their mean age was 70,5 years and mean age of menopause was 50 years. 23% were classified as ‘obese’, 52% ‘overweight’ and 25% ‘normal’. Mean BMI was 27.45 Kgr/m. 28% were not screened for osteoporosis. 22% of the evaluated subjects had osteoporosis, 38% osteopenia and 12% were normal. The percentage of individuals suffering from degenerative scoliosis, was 27% , 67%, 87% and 73% for each age group respectively. The average of the overall torsion was 23.9, 19.5,23.7 and 32,1. Percentage of subjects without any participation in ‘exercise’ was 47%, 40%, 87% and 67% respectively. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women presenting primary or secondary osteoporosis alongside high ‘BMI’ index and/or low levels of physical activity, are prone to cumulative degeneration of the spine resulting in clinical and sub-clinical scoliosis.

Radio-morphometric evaluation of clinical and sub-clinical forms of scoliosis in postmenopausal women