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The prerogative of state institutions to expropriate property for public purposes is established by virtually all national legal frameworks, but the specificities of this power vary substantially. In line with other countries, the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (RDTL, República Democrática de Timor-Leste, in Portuguese) gives the state the possibility of expropriating property, which is often presented by politicians and state officials as an unchallengeable power. ‘Whether people like it or not’ (hakarak ka lakohi in Tetun) is an expression that is invoked to argue that when the state needs people’s property, they must surrender it with no contestation (see Bovensiepen, Chapter 6). But is this true? Does the RDTL Constitution give the state an almost absolute power to expropriate property? And can ordinary citizens contest expropriation?

Expropriation or plunder? Property rights and infrastructure development in Oecusse