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Negative energy balance (NEB) occurs in dairy cows during the periparturient period and is induced by increased energy and nutrients requirements. This higher energy and nutrient demand is important for fetal development and for postpartum milk production. There is also a significant decrease in intake of dry matter (Sordillo and Aitken, 2009; Esposito et al., 2014). NEB is associated with metabolic disorders, increased inflammation, immunosuppression and oxidative stress (Mayasari et al., 2016). Metabolic changes in the transition period are accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS) followed by lipid peroxidation and cellular damage to tissues. Carbohydrate insufficiency in dairy cows with NEB leads to lipid mobilization and increased production of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and ketone bodies in the liver (Sordillo, 2005; Spears and Weiss, 2008; Esposito et al., 2014). ABSTRACT. The aim of the study was to evaluate glutathione redox state, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and selenium (Se), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations in 15 Holstein periparturient dairy cows and to monitor the effect of negative energy balance (NEB) on the level of oxidative processes ongoing in dairy cows in postpartum period. The body condition score (BCS) was recorded and blood samples were collected 4 times during periparturient period. A significantly increased NEFA concentration was recorded on calving day (P < 0.05) and 7 days post partum (p.p.; P < 0.01) compared to 7 days ante partum (a.p.). The reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration was significantly decreased on calving day and 7 days p.p. (P < 0.05) as compared to 7 days a.p. The oxidized glutathione (GSSG) concentration was significantly higher 7 days p.p. as compared to calving day (P < 0.01) and 14 days p.p. (P < 0.05). Between the GSSG concentration and the GSH/GSSG ratio was found a significantly negative (r = −0.84; P < 0.001) correlation. The significant decrease in GPx activity was found 14 days p.p. as compared to 7 days a.p. (P < 0.05). The BCS value was significantly positively correlated (r = 0.44; P < 0.05) with GSSG concentration. The results of the study indicate significant changes of antioxidant/oxidant markers and also confirm that in the postpartum period oxidative stress occurs in dairy cows. It also seems that BCS correlates with these indicators and may influence the level of oxidative processes in cows during the periparturient period. Received: 17 April 2019 Revised: 25 November 2019 Accepted: 18 February 2020

journal of animal and feed sciences

Glutathione redox state, glutathione peroxidase activity and selenium concentration in periparturient dairy cows, and their relation with negative energy balance