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Livestock feeding is known as a chief contributor to climate change, energy use, water dependence and land occupation (Mungkung et al., 2013). The production of soybean and fish meal rises these problems. Monogastric species like fish and poultry require high values and amounts of protein in their diet (Sánchez-Muros et al., 2014). From nutritional perspective, protein sources ought to have high-protein content, an adequate amino acid profile, high digestibility, good palatability and no anti-nutritional factors (Barrows et al., 2008). Hence fish and soybean meal are the main valuable protein sources in fish and poultry diets (Sánchez-Muros et al., 2014). Furthermore, Sotak-Peper et al. (2017) pointed that soybean meal is a high digestible and high quality protein with favourable amino acid profile that can be used in animal feeding. However, it has several unfavourable traits, which include disparities between dispensable and indispensable amino acids, anti-nutritional factors, low palatability and high proportions of fibre and non-starch polysaccharides limiting the percentage inclusions in the diet (Sánchez-Muros et al., 2014). As a result, it is necessary to complete the diet by adding amino acids or high value protein source such as fish meal having also excellent nutritive properties. These benefits, together with the present regulations forbidding the usage of meat meals due to problems of food security, enable fish meal to be highly utilised. However, the massive use of soybean poses severe environmental issues, such as deforestation of high biological value areas, high water usage (Steinfeld et al., 2006), utilisation of insecticides, fertilisers and varieties whose genes have been artificially ABSTRACT. This review is aimed to present the potential of Imbrasia belina as poultry and fish feed. Imbrasia belina worms contain substantial amounts of proteins, fats, essential amino acids, fatty acids, minerals and carbohydrates useful for the animal health. The worm as a source of protein could be utilised to minimise inadequate nutrition in poultry and fish. It has been documented as feed for such animals as fish, broilers, layers and guinea fowl. Imbrasia belina worm is an alternative source of animal protein, which is locally available, accessible and acceptable as food and feed source. However, using Imbrasia belina worm as animal feed has also some disadvantages as: chitin, the risk of being over exploited, unpalatability and a chance of indigestibility at higher inclusion levels in diets. Therefore, in this review the potential of I. belina worm as poultry and fish feed is assessed. Received: 25 October 2018 Revised: 1 July 2019 Accepted: 16 September 2019

The potential of <i>Imbrasia belina</i> worm as a poultry and fish feed. A review