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This paper presents the analysis of the onset and withdrawal trends of South-West Monsoon over the last 30 years (1989-2018) in various agro-climatic zone of Chhattisgarh. The trend analysis revealed that both the south-west monsoon's onset and withdrawal have been delayed in recent years. The timing of the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM)'s dramatic 'onset' and subsequent northward progression are unique features of the annual monsoon cycle, and are closely linked to agricultural activity preparation and water management. Rice cultivation in Chhattisgarh is mainly rain-fed and naturally vulnerable to the variability of south-west monsoons. The purpose of this research was to determine the temporal shift of monsoon onset and withdrawal over a 30-year period in various agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh. The variability of monsoon's onset and withdrawal dates was calculated using basic statistical methods such as mean deviation, standard deviation, and linear trend analysis. With standard deviation and CV percent, we calculated the mean onset and withdrawal dates. We found that the mean onset date for monsoon was 14th, 16th and 18th June respectively for BPZ, CPZ and NHZ and found that the mean withdrawal date for monsoon was 11th October (for state) with a standard deviation of 5 days. The trend of monsoon onset dates for all three agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh showing a delayed trend but only the NHZ was showing significant delayed trend at 5% level of significance (R = 0.149). The highest value of coefficient of variation of onset dates of monsoon was recorded in Bastar Plateau zone (37%) and least in Northern hill zone (31%). In case of withdrawal of monsoon results indicates that the state showed significantly delayed monsoon withdrawal trend at 5% level of significance (R = 0.172) for the period of 1989-2018.

Trends of south-west monsoon onset and withdrawal in different agro-climatic zones of Chhattisgarh