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The goal of this thesis is to develop a collection of Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) techniques to allow for bedside monitoring of cardiac output and other parameters of heart function such as left ventricle ejection ratio (LVER). EIT is an experimental imaging technique where changes inside the body can be imaged using a set of electrodes on the surface. The safe (non-ionising) and portable nature of this imaging system make it ideal for monitoring purposes. Though, laking in spatial resolution, EIT boasts a high temporal resolution which makes it a good candidate for cardiac monitoring. A strong need for monitoring cardiac parameters exists in diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Recent cardiac EIT studies have shown promise in measuring cardiac output. Therefore, an EIT protocol was designed using some of the existing techniques. This EIT protocol was designed to fit into the existing University of Ottawa Heart Institute (UOHI) Computed Tomography (CT) protocol. A hardware setup was designed for EIT data acquisition and a software tool set was designed to extract the cardiac information from the EIT data. This software toolset includes a proposed novel temporal ensemble averaging technique. The proposed algorithm was tested in software simulation of EIT data and compared against a naive reconstruction technique. The entire cardiac EIT toolset was tested in a limited human trial. The experimental results show that the novel temporal ensemble averaging algorithm is able to isolate cardiac activity with accuracy consistent of the naive ensemble averaging technique but with greater temporal resolution.

Technical developments to enable electrical impedance tomography (EIT) measurement of blood flow to monitor cardiac output : key engineering contributions