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We investigated in detail the performance and mechanics of self-burial activities of bivalves, Japanese Littleneck, from juvenile to adult, by utilizing our new approach encompassing ecology, geophysics and geotechnics. The observed speeds, angles and depths of the self-burial were all governed by the bed surface shear strength irrespective of the types of materials. The increase in the surface shear strength induced the mode shift from the vertical self-burial to inclined and/or partial self-burial, ultimately reaching the non-self-burial state. This self-burial mode shift can be consistently explained by the proposed conceptual model in view of required energy principle. There exists an optimal stage of growth, at which the bivalves can achieve the highest capabilities, below or above which the self-burial capabilities decrease continuously.

Performance and Mechanics of Self-burial Activities of Bivalves, Japanese Littleneck