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Defining competition in a U.S. Courtroom involves the analytical and intellectual collision of the laws pragmatic aspects with the academic realities of economics.  Both disciplines depend heavily upon competition, and employ a rich dosage of competition language. However, competition in law and competition in economics are dramatically different.Economists often study market efficiencies.  In an academic setting, economics and econometrics evaluate efficiency, and assess its achievement or failure.  As a social science, the study of markets by economists often involves the specific assessment of market efficiencies.  Here, too, the laws social disciplines differ greatly from those of academic economics.  Except for a few aberrant moments of brief duration, the process of making, enforcing, and litigating over legal principles in historys democracies has never involved pursuit of an efficient economy, or even an efficient legal system.  To the contrary, the laws goal is to govern behavior to ensure fairness, justice, legal compliance, and not efficiency.Through analysis of a history-making U.S. cattle market trial, this paper considers legal proof and illustrates application of the rules of evidence and courtroom-level definitions of proof and evidence.  Routinely, juries are instructed on what constitutes proof, and what does not.  In the legal case that provides this papers illustrative focus, the United States District Courts definition of evidence for the jurors, the courts rulings on evidence issues, and the lawyers arguments of the evidence to the jury impacted an entire industry.   The case provides a useful tool for studying and defining competition in a U.S. courtroom.

Proving Anti-Competitive Conduct in the U.S. Courtroom: The Plaintiff's Argument in Pickett v Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc.