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Received: September 3, 2018 Revised: October 2, 2018 Accepted: October 18, 2018 Abstract: Background: The so-called smear zone is a disturbed zone developed in soil during prefabricated vertical drainage (PVD) installation using a mandrel. There are 2 main parameters typically used to characterize the smear zone. First, the extent ratio signifies the extent of the soil damage due to mandrel penetration; and second, the permeability ratio κ represents the degree of disturbance to the soil permeability within the smear zone.

A Review on the Characteristics of the Smear Zone: Field Data Back Calculation Compared with Laboratory Testing