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Autoimmune pancreatitis has been reported to be associated with various lesions in organs other than the pancreaticobiliary system (1-3). These lesions include salivary gland and retroperitoneal inflammation (4-6), enlargement of the intra-abdominal lymph nodes or hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes (7), interstitial pneumonia (8, 9), pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumor (6, 10), hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor (11-13), and tubulointerstitial nephritis (14, 15). Many of the lesions share two common features: marked improvement with corticosteroid therapy and histopathological findings of prominent infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells (1-16). IgG4-associated prostatitis complicating autoimmune pancreatitis, an informative case for clinicians worldwide reported by Yoshimura et al, indicates that autoimmune pancreatitis may also be associated with lesions in the prostate (17). In 2002, we described patients with autoimmune pancreatitis complicated by retroperitoneal fibrosis who underwent surgery for suspected urinary tract tumors (5). Pathologically, the case showed the common feature of intensive infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells into the retroperitonium and pancreas. The case reported by Yoshimura et al provided new evidence that autoimmune pancreatitis may be associated with lesions in the prostate, another organ in the urinary system. Benign prostatic hypertrophy shows age predilection similar to that of autoimmune pancreatitis. However, detailed histopathological examinations, including IgG4 immunostaining, have not been reported in patients with prostatitis or benign prostatic hypertrophy.

Are There Any Other Organs in Which Autoimmune Pancreatitis-Associated Lesions Remain to be Identified?