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Mosquitofi sh (Gambusia) are sexually dimorphic; adult males have an elongation of the anal fi n to form a copulatory structure known as a gonopodium. Several studies since the early 1980s have reported elongated anal fi ns in female mosquitofi sh exposed to pulp and paper mill discharge, a phenomenon known as masculinization. Although adverse impacts have been suggested in these previous reports, the infl uence of masculinization on reproductive success has not been assessed for pulp mill effl uent-exposed eastern mosquitofi sh (Gambusia holbrooki or affi nis). The current study compared fecundity (number of fry per female at parturition) to an index of masculinization (ratio of anal fi n rays 4 to 6). Pregnant females were collected from two effl uent-receiving streams in Florida: Rice Creek and the Fenholloway River, over two reproductive seasons (2003 and 2004). Masculinization was consistent between years, with clear effects at the Fenholloway River site, while the response was minimal or nondetectable at the Rice Creek site. Masculinization was not correlated with the production of fry/fecundity at either site. Data suggest differing reproductive seasonal strategies between basins and populations but do not demonstrate any effects of pulp and paper exposure on reproductive success in mosquitofi sh.

water quality research journal of canada

Reproductive Success of Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Exposed to Pulp and Paper Dominated Receiving Streams and Effects of Masculinization Responses