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: The objective was to find variables of organizational type that help to understand the phenomenon of medical errors in public and private hospitals. Therefore, we seek to determine if there is a significant relationship between affective commitment, normative commitment, reported medical errors and their impact on the quality system of hospital organizations in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. Method : A sample of 311 doctors and nurses was randomly selected in four different hospitals in the State of Guanajuato. First, the statistical methods necessary to prove the validity and reliability of the questionnaires of the variables were calculated. In a second step, a statistical model based on the technique of structural equations was performed to identify the relationship between the variables studied. For this purpose, the statistical software AMOS v.21 was used. Results : For the first step specified in the method, the questionnaires were validated with the parameters established for this purpose (CFI, TLI, RMSEA and Cronbach's alpha). For the test of the hypothetical designed model that includes the factors involved in the study, the results show a significant relationship between the clan-type culture variables and the affective commitment (β = 0.62, p <0.00) and normative commitment (β = 0.43, p <0.00), and between the affective commitment and the reported medical errors (β = 0.27, p <0.00). Finally, a relationship is shown between the reported medical errors and the affective quality system (β = 0.85, p <0.00). Discussion or Conclusion : It is demonstrated that the organizational culture is an important factor to influence the commitment of hospital staff. This organizational commitment is a trigger for the improvement of the quality system through correctly reporting medical errors.

El papel de los recursos humanos en la prevención de errores médicos para la mejora en el sistema de calidad hospitalaria