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Background: Few information was given about Telocyte (TC) which was recently discovered in the lastfew years.Aim of the work: This study was designed to give full histological, immunohistochemichal andultrastructural preview on TCs distribution in the female genital tract.Material and method: After vaginal smear examination, thirty rats in diestrus phase were subjected forthis study. Uterine, fallopian tube and vaginal specimens were taken and processed for both light andelectron microscopic examination.Results: TCs showed weak positive ER-α and marked immunoexpression of PR-A and CD34 in theendometrial stroma and around the glands, in stratum vascular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layersof the uterus, serosa of the fallopian tube and in the lamina propria in addition to the connective tissueunder vaginal epithelium and around and within the bundles of the vagina. Ultrastructurally, the uterus,fallopian tube and vagina showed triangular or stellate- shaped TCs that contained elongated nucleusoccupying the whole cell body with thin band of marginal heterochromatin and prominent nucleolus andhad one or more telopodes (TPs) with dichotomous pattern of branching. TPs had thin podomere andthick podom. Podom contains many mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), many caveolaeand pinchedout vesicles. TCs had either homocellular junction between them or heterocellular junctionwith adjacent smooth muscle cells. TCs were surrounded by collagen fibers.Conclusion:TCs are new type of cells with special ultrastructure and immunophenotype characters thatare detected in the female genital tract ,therefore further studies on their distribution in the female genitaltract during different stages of estrus cycle, and trying to correlate between their distribution and theirrole in controlling infertility or myometrial contraction during pregnancy should be considered.

Ultrastructural and immunophenotype distribution of Telocytes in female genital tract of adult albino rats