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Synchronous Generator Damper winding Exciter system Power system stabilizer This paper aims at effective damping of low-frequency oscillations (LFO) associated with synchronous generators (SG). LFO are excited by system disturbances as sudden change on the load, switching events, and malfunction of the turbine controller. Poor damping of LFO affects the stability of the generation system, in severe cases may result in instability and damage to prime-movers. The negative effect of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is studied for SG without and with damper windings on the damping of oscillations. Minimizing the LFO is achieved by incorporating the power system stabilizer (PSS), which adds an additional control signal to AVR. Effective design of PSS to maximize the damping torque while maintaining the stability of SG variables. The problem is modelled as an optimization problem, the damping ratio of the mechanical modes is the objective function. The single-pole placement technique and the recently developed political optimizer are picked to determine the perfect PI parameters for PSS. The satisfactory performance of the proposed PSS is appraised by testing it against mechanical power disturbances. The obtained mathematical analytical expression makes it possible to determine easily the eigenvalues and step response for the speed and electromagnetic torque for SG in MATLAB environment.

Designing optimal power system stabilizer for synchronous generator with and without damper windings