English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Four plant essential oils alone as repellent and fumigant, and in combination with the controlled modified atmospheres against the adult of cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) were assessed in the laboratory. These essential oils were extracted from the leaves of four source plants: Prunus amigdalus, Moringa oleifera, Simmondsia chinensis, and Ricinus communis. The repellency test indicated that C. maculatus adults were repelled by four essential oils. Of these essential oils, the P. amigdalus oil was most effective followed by M. oleifera, S. chinensis, and R. communis. The average repellency of the P. amigdalus oil against C. maculatus adults was significantly higher than the other three tested oils after 7 days. These essential oils had a high level of toxicity in the fumigation assay against C. maculatus adults. The results showed that P. amigdalus oil gave the highest toxicity at LC50 (2.08 ppm) and R. communis gave the lowest value of LC50 (55.05ppm). In results of the effectiveness of the four essential oils when combined with two controlled atmospheres concentrations, 12.5- 25% CO2, the toxicity of plant oils was enhanced significantly against C. maculatus adults. The results of joint toxic action indicated that at concentration 10 ppm of the four essential oils under modified atmospheres of 12.5 % CO2 produced an additive effect at all exposure periods, while in case of M. oleifera and S. chinensis gave additive effect at 3 and 5 days exposure periods. The same trend was found at the highest concentration 20 ppm of three essential oils P. amigdalus, M. oleifera, and S. chinensis under modified atmospheres of 12.5-25% CO2 and produced an additive effect at all exposure periods, while Co-toxicity values of 20 ppm R. communis essential oil after the various exposer periods showed antagonism effect against C. maculatus adults. In conclusion, the present study revealed that the combination of the four tested essential oils with CO2 enhanced its fumigant toxicity to stored product insect, cowpea beetle.

annals of agricultural science, moshtohor

Toxic Effects of Four Plant Essential Oils alone and in Combination with Controlled modified Atmosphere on the Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) under Laboratory Conditions