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Fluoroquinolones antimicrobials are partially excreted in natura after administration. Their occurrence was investigated in hospital raw sewage (HRS) and treated wastewater (TW) using an online solid phase extraction-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS). The analytical curves ranged from 0.25 to 46 ng mL and the matrix effect, assessed for marbofloxacin and lomefloxacin, ranged from –63 to +1%. All HRS samples contained ciprofloxacin (1-34 ng mL) and ofloxacin (0.9-27 ng mL), while norfloxacin was detected in 17% of the samples (0.8-4.4 ng mL). Only ciprofloxacin (0.5-5.6 ng mL) was detected in TW samples. The antimicrobial activity of the HRS samples for E. coli was higher than a ciprofloxacin solution of 1 mg L, due to the presence of other antimicrobial agents. Ozonation (10 mg O3 L min; 10 min) degraded up to 84% of the fluoroquinolones and removed the antimicrobial activity of HRS samples.

Fluoroquinolones in Hospital Wastewater: Analytical Method, Occurrence, Treatment with Ozone and Residual Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation