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The imidazolyl-phenolic probe used at the present study has its photophysic properties regulated by a tautomeric equilibrium. After the absorption of a photon, an excited state intramolecular proton transfer process generates a ketonic species, responsible for the 440 nm emission (in CH3CN/H2O, 95:5, v/v). Addition of Cu, Al, Cr and Fe suppresses emission through a combination of dynamic and static-like quenching, as indicated by Stern-Volmer plots, with a higher sensitivity for Cu (KSV = 1.90 × 10 and 2.40 × 10 L mol, respectively, for Cu and Fe). The trivalent ions led to the formation of a locked-enol tautomer that emits at shorter wavelengths; this coordinated compound is also quenched at metallic ions concentrations above 20 μmol L, due to a collisional process. When compared to another imidazolyl-phenolic probe, experimental and simulated data revealed that fluorescent, steric and electronic effects regulate their sensitivity towards the ions.

On the Fluorescent, Steric and Electronic Factors Affecting the Detection of Metallic Ions Using an Imidazolyl-Phenolic Derived Fluorescent Probe