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Climatological large-scale features of the cloud distribution and their seasonal variation are investigated using cloudiness data derived from GMS-IR cloud images for the area between 90*E 170*W and 50*S-50*N. The large-scale distribution of clouds with tops determined to be above the 700mb level and the seasonal change in this distribution are described quantitatively for the three years from June 1983 to June 1986 except June 1984. The distribution and seasonal variation in cloud-top-height and cloud type (tall convective clouds and stratiform clouds) are investigated by computing a ratio between the amount of high-cloudiness (tops higher than 400mb level) and the amount of high- and middle-cloudiness (tops higher than 700mb level) and by examining the standard deviation of cloud-top-height in 1**1* areas covered with cloud. Results of this study show that the maximum cloudiness (*4/10) is observed in the tropics except east of 150*E with a secondary maximum (3/10 *4/10) in the mid-latitudes along the cyclone tracks, and the minimum cloudiness (1/10*2/10) is observed around the subtropical highs. The annual mean cloud-top-height is higher in the tropics than in the mid-latitudes. In the mid-latitudes, a significant difference in cloud-top-height between cyclone tracks is observed in both hemispheres; the mean cloud-top-height along the lowest-latitude cyclone tracks is much higher than along the other cyclone tracks. Large annual variations in cloudiness (2/10 X4/10) are observed in tropical monsoon areas. In addition, cloud-top-height decreases significantly during the winter over continents and their vicinity (within about 1000km) for the tropical monsoon areas, which suggests deep convection is strongly suppressed there and active deep convection, which may be enhanced with a cold surge, is restricted to the regions away from the continents during the winter. The decrease of cloud-top-height during the winter is also observed for the region from the southern part of China to Japan, which corresponds to a subtropical monsoon area. Over the southern part of China and the East China Sea, this large seasonal variation of cloud-top-height is accompanied by a significant seasonal change in cloud type; tall convective clouds in the warm season to stratiform middle-clouds in the cold season. In addition to* the tropical and subtropical monsoon areas, tall convective clouds also increase over the Asian Continent even in the higher-latitude to 50*N during the summer and high-cloudiness increases to ti 2/10. This is significantly different from the fact that high-cloudiness over the Australian Continent is small (0.5/10) throughout the year except for the tropical monsoon area.

Large-scale Cloud Distributions and their Seasonal Variations as Derived from GMS-IR Observations