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In the olive tree, the bag method is efficiently used to determine whether the pollen donor is compatible, and thus can be used as a pollinizer. Besides, paternity tests are claimed to enable identification of the pollen donor trees and thus pollinizers, via embryo genotype testing based on short tandem repeat (STR) markers. We examined here, on concrete data, gathered from studies in the literature, the advantages and drawbacks of both methods. We implemented the published data, reasoning in the frame of the sporophytic self-incompatibility model, by i) calculating the fruit set rate referred to 100 hermaphroditic flowers, ii) introducing the S-allele determinants in stigmata, iii) adding the S-pollen determinant(s) that coated pollen grain for each variety, when deciphered for each variety. Cross compatibility/incompatibility was deduced from theory and compared to recorded experimental fruit set. New conclusions revealed that when a variety failed as pollen donor, it was not always incompatible in theory. This fully changes previous conclusions. Thus, we suggest combining the bag method and STR protocol to answer most unsolved queries and to bring information dealing with fertilization by unwanted pollen in the host variety, and whether self-pollination may have occurred at the same time as some crosses. We showed that introduction of the sporophytic self-incompatibility model and attribution of S-alleles pairs to varieties, both efficiently improve the bag method and paternity tests on embryos harvested under the bags leading to a trustworthy identification of pollinizers for more varieties.

Identification of olive pollen donor trees and pollinizers under controlled pollination environment using STR markers