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Development and homeostasis of tissues depend on spatio-temporal control of constituent cell behaviors. Cells in tissues interact not only chemically but also mechanically with their surrounding environments including interstitial and vascular fluids, neighboring cells, and extracellular matrices. Extensive studies using cultured cells have successfully created a list of proteins involved in cellular mechanosensation, mechanotransduction and mechanoresponse [1,2], which provides us great opportunities to elucidate how mechanical cues and cellular responses are integrated into tissue functions including development, morphogenesis, homeostasis and pathology. As spatio-temporal information is essential for characterizing mechanical environments and dynamic behaviors of tissues, imaging and computer simulation of cellular mechanosensing/transduction/response in the 3D tissue space have great advantage to address fundamental questions on tissue functions. In addition, measurement and manipulation of mechanical stress are key techniques to understand effects of mechanical stimuli on tissue cells. For the issue, we have a symposium at the 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan held in September 2020 inviting six speakers (Fig. 1). In this symposium, we discuss, from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints, the latest finding of how tissue cells detect and respond to mechanical inputs from their surroundings to achieve dynamic remodeling and homeostatic regulation of multicellular systems.

Cell mechanosensing underlies homeostasis of multicellular systems