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The source of fluids and their mechanism of metal precipitation in sediment-hosted, disseminated orogenic gold deposits are ambiguous. Pyrite texture, trace element, S, Pb, and He-Ar isotope compositions of sulfides and C-O isotope data of calcite from Chang’an orogenic gold deposit in the Ailaoshan orogenic belt, southwest (SW) China, were studied to provide a new genetic model for the sediment-hosted orogenic gold deposit, furthering knowledge of the source of fluids and their mechanism of metal precipitation. Orebodies at Chang’an are mainly hosted by Ordovician turbidite with a few in Oligocene syenite. Two stages of mineralization have been identified in the deposit: stage I disseminated quartz-arsenopyrite-pyrite and stage II veined quartz-calcite-polymetallic sulfides. Five generations of pyrite have been identified in turbidite: pre-ore syn-sedimentary pyrite, py I-1  and py I-2  in stage I, and py II-1  and py II-2  in stage II, and an unzoned pyrite population developed in syenite. Py I-1  commonly overgrows syn-sedimentary pyrite with irregular boundaries and contains arsenopyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, and electrum inclusions along the boundaries. Py I-1  is overgrown by thin and inclusion-free py I-2 , and crosscut by py II-1 , which is rimmed by py II-2 .

american mineralogist

Fluid source and metal precipitation mechanism of sediment-hosted Chang’an orogenic gold deposit, SW China: Constraints from sulfide texture, trace element, S, Pb, and He-Ar isotopes and calcite C-O isotopes