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Transport and deposition of copper in the Earth’s crust are mainly controlled by the solubility of Cu-bearing phases and the speciation of Cu in magmatic-hydrothermal fluids. To improve our understanding of copper mobilization by hydrothermal fluids, we conducted an experimental study on the interaction between Cu-bearing phases (metallic copper, Cu 2 O, CuCl) and aqueous chloride solutions (H 2 O ± NaCl ± HCl; with Cl concentrations of 0 to 4.3 mol kg- 1 ). The experiments were run in rapid heat/rapid quench cold-seal pressure vessels at 800 °C, 200 MPa, and logf O2  ~ NNO+2.3. Either Cu or Au capsules were used as containers. The reaction products were sampled in situ by the entrapment of synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz. Fluid composition was subsequently determined by analyzing individual fluid inclusions using a freezing cell and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Our results show that large isolated and isometric inclusions, free of late-stage modifications, can be preserved after the experiment even when using a high cooling rate of 25 K s -1 .

Reaction between Cu-bearing minerals and hydrothermal fluids at 800 ° C and 200 MPa: Constraints from synthetic fluid inclusions