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Sandboxes are present on almost every playground. They enjoy constant popularity among the youngest. Are we sometimes wonder who is responsible for their sanitary condition? Play in them can be a threat to children? This article will discuss the subject of monitoring the sanitary condition of sandboxes. The microbiological threat of contact with contaminated sand will also be presented.  Escherichia coli  and  Staphylococcus aureus  are bacteria that can inhabit sandboxes and pose a threat to health. Both of these microorganisms should not be found in the environment. Their presence means contamination of sand, and contact with it can be hazardous to human health. What’s more, these bacteria increasingly show resistance to antibiotics routinely used to treat infections. The problem of microorganism resistance to therapeutics is very important because the number of drug-resistant strains is growing alarmingly. The pool of effective antibiotics is contracting and new ones are not developing. In this work, antibiotics used during the treatment will be presented: aminoglycosides, ansamycins, β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones, fusidans, MLS group, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. The paper also presents information concerning so far known mechanisms of antibiotic action. The article also presents the resistance mechanisms of  Enterobacteriaceae ; ESBL mechanism (extended-spectrum β-lactamases), production of MBL (metallo-β-lactamase), CRE (carbapenem-resistant  Enterobacteriaceae ) and resistance mechanisms of  S. aureus , to penicillin, MRSA – methicillin-resistant  S. aureus , and for vancomycin VRSA resistant  S. aureus . Drug resistance has become a global problem. The presence of drug-resistant strains carries the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms in natural environments like water, air, soil and sand. Infections caused by such microorganisms are very difficult to treat, because the small pool of antibiotics that can be used during treatment, and thus reduces the effectiveness of therapy. 1. Introduction. 2. Monitoring of the sandboxes sanitary condition. 3. 3. Bacteria  E. coli  and  S. aureus  as a potential health hazard factor. 4. Antibiotics characteristic. 4.1. Antibiotics grups. 4.2. Mechanism of antibiotics action. 5. Antibiotic resistance. 5.1. Resistance of  Enterobacteriaceae . 5.2. Resistance of  S. aureus  6. Resistance as a global problem. 7. Conclusions. 8. Bibilography

Sandboxes As A Potential Source Of Dangerous Drug-Resistant Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus Strains