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Perinatal asphyxia has become the leading cause of death for newborns. Since the parameters that are being routinely used as a predictor for perinatal asphyxia such as thick meconium stained liquor, non-reassuring fetal heart patterns, low Apgar scores, fetal or cord blood pH do not show consistent correlation with fetal acidosis but nucleated red blood cell counts in umbilical venous blood of neonates has been reported as a possible marker of perinatal asphyxia. The number of nucleated red blood cells (nRBCs)/100 white blood cells is variable but is rarely greater than 10 in normal neonates. The aim of this study was to study the using of nucleated red blood cells in umbilical cord blood of newborns as an indicator for perinatal asphyxia. Material and methods: The study comprised of intramural term neonates with and without asphyxia. It was a case control study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rohilkhand Medical College and hospital, Bareilly from November 2017 to October 2018. There were 50 asphyxiated newborns and 50 healthy newborns in the study. The mean levels of nRBCs in cord blood were significantly higher (p value<0.001) in the asphyxial group (54.06+-22.42) as compared to control group (10.32+-5.86). Results: Nucleated red blood cells were found to be strongly associated with perinatal asphyxia. The mean values of cord blood nRBCs in cases were 54.06+-22.42 and in control group were 10.32+-5.86. The p value being <0.001 which was statistically significant indicating the correlation. Conclusions: Therefore it was concluded that nucleated red blood cells in umbilical cord blood of newborns can be used as an effective test for prediction of perinatal asphyxia.

A Clinical Study for Prediction of Perinatal Asphyxia using Nucleated Red Blood Cells as an Indicator in Umbilical Cord Blood of Newborns